Influence of Mass Media on Teenagers

Impact of Mass Media on Teenagers Broad communications assumes a noteworthy job in today’s world. It communicates informationas quick as conceivable also gives amusement to enormous crowds. Broad communications contains press, TV, radio, books and the Internet. Media is one of the most powerful parts of our lives. By making a specific kind of message, media can control people’s disposition and assessments. Throughout the years, as innovative advances have occurred this sort of correspondence has gotten simple and possible to have. Pretty much every family unit currently claims a web association, TV or a PDA and so forth. This has prompted an across the board use of broad communications, particularly among the youngsters. The way that in the past the web, TV and phones were viewed as a need yet now they appear to be to a greater degree an item young people appear to be dependent on practically clarifies that there will undoubtedly be a drawback to the impact broad communications has on youngsters. The young people of today appear to be excessively engaged in viewing their preferred shows on TV or utilizing online life applications on their telephones or PCs that they are gradually putting some distance between the real world. They have gotten dependent. There are numerous results to this undesirable habit. One gets apathetic and doesn't want to get up and accomplish something gainful. It prompts corpulence and sleepiness. It additionally prompts undesirable utilization of garbage or cheap food. I state this from my own understanding, as I generally want to have pizza or chips alongside a drink when I’m watching a show or a film. Young people additionally will in general go through hours over th e web interfacing with outsiders who could act like a danger as it is anything but difficult to counterfeit a character over the web. They would especially incline toward utilizing Facebook, Twitter or Tumblr and so on as opposed to considering or doing an open air action. Along these lines, this fixation can be extremely dangerous. â€Å"A cross sectional investigation was done in Spain in 2003 to characterize broad communications use in youngsters (TV, cell phones, PCs, Internet and computer games) and to look at its impact on adolescents wellbeing and advancement. The information gathered depended on an example of 884 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The example was recovered from secondary schools dwelling in six towns in Cantabria (Spain). The outcomes demonstrated that all youths had a TV at home and 24% of the families claimed at least four TV sets. The nearness of broad communications in teenagers’ rooms was 52.5% for TV sets, 52% for the web, 57.8% f or PCs, and 38.7% for gaming reassures. The most as often as possible discovered media in their rooms were tape/radio players and reduced circles with rates of 76.8 % and 67.4 %, individually. Besides, young people went through on normal 3 hours on TV on weekdays and 3.2 on ends of the week. They went through 0.69 hours on normal on weekdays and 1.09 hours toward the end of the week. On web they went through on normal 0.83 hours on the weekdays and 1.15 hours toward the end of the week. Different consequences of the examination demonstrated that about 87.2 % of the youngsters claimed a PDA. The normal age at which they got their first telephone was 13 years of age. Practically a large portion of the adolescents (46.4 %) took their cell phones to secondary school and announced that they had a normal of three cell phones at home. Additionally the greater part of them (82.1 %) rode the web however young men favored surfing and downloading games though young ladies favored visiting and sending messages. Sixty-two percent of the adolescents had been to a cybercafã © and 40.8 % had visited an obscene site, particularly young men (33.1 % of young men versus 7.7 % of young ladies; p Broad communications is an extremely incredible asset to impact the brains of anybody, not to mention a young person. Adolescents are in that phase of growing up where everything around them impacts them. The manner in which they talk, dress and act relies a great deal upon what they are presented to. For instance, if an adolescent sees their preferred VIP supporting an item which could possibly be essential, the person in question might need to get it paying little heed to how valuable the item is. This is a procedure numerous huge organizations use for their potential benefit as they can without much of a stretch sell items, regardless of whether they are of awful quality. â€Å"Advertising is an exceptionally manipulative procedure to advance items. Extraordinary consideration should be paid to advertising’s impacts. Three item classes are particularly significant for teens’ wellbeing: cigarettes, mixed refreshments, and food. As indicated by the high schooler showcasing specialists, youths â€Å"admit that publicizing is a more significant pattern source than DJs, VJs, films, big names, or the coolest and most abnormal individuals at school† (P, 1995). We should be alert about the impacts of promoting that purposely abuse the instabilities of young people and endeavor to â€Å"sell† them the solutions to their issues with a plenitude of new items. TV is a medium people broadly now have simple access to. These days, there are numerous shows, for example, Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones and Da Vinci’s Demons and so forth on TV that laud sex, medications, liquor and savagery. Web based spilling and downloading has made it significantly increasingly advantageous to watch shows and movies which implies that youngsters have simpler access to their preferred shows that contain vulgarity. This sort of presentation acts like a danger the same number of youngsters discover sex, drugs, liquor, smoking and brutality to be â€Å"cool†. Accordingly, numerous youngsters fall prey to issue of dependence. Medications, liquor, smoking and sex are totally named as things that are addictive and on the off chance that one builds up the issue of enslavement, life turns out to be extremely difficult to adapt to. It’s like you are moving towards your own devastation. It must be a serious test for young people not to see depictions of liquor in their regular utilization of the media. Liquor shows up in over 70% of prime-time network shows and in 90% of the movies† (Roberts DF, Henriksen L, Christenson PG, 1999). More prominent than 33% of every single primary character drink liquor, yet less than 2% are appeared as tending to drink too much (N, 1987). Promoting joins liquor with an assortment of advantages that intrigue to youngsters, for example, mingling, virility, sexual fascination, sentiment, departure, and experience (Atkin CK, Strasberger VC, Comstock GA (eds), 1993), and barely any results (e.g., headaches, mishaps, savagery, and shame). Liquor promoting additionally frequently speaks to cuts of life that focus on the consumers and the drinking events as opposed to on the characteristics of the item itself, which might be especially engaging adolescents who are utilizing the media for thoughts regarding how to be on the planet. Computer games are immeasurably played by the youngsters of today. The computer games are exceptionally addictive too contain a ton of develop content. In US about 97% of the teenagers play computer games. The nearby computer game industry over yonder acquires almost an income of $12 billion per year. Numerous examinations have demonstrated that computer games with brutal substance are related with savage conduct. This worry is significant in light of the fact that the vast majority of the famous computer games contain viciousness. The expansion in forceful conduct is halfway connected to the measure of time adolescents spend on playing computer games. (Gentile Anderson, 2003) have expressed that playing computer games may increment forceful conduct in light of the fact that fierce demonstrations are regularly rehashed all through the computer game. This procedure of redundancy has for some time been considered as a viable showing technique in reinforcing learning designs. Another examination completed in 2008 took a broadly agent test of 1,102 teenagers between the ages of 12 and 17 and their folks. From the outcomes, it was discovered that 97 percent of the youthful respondents play computer games. Further partitioned based on sex, 99 percent of young men and 94 percent of young ladies played computer games. A large portion of the respondents had likewise played a computer game the earlier day. This stresses on how every now and again they are presented to video games. Despite the fact that most guardians checked the censor’s rating before allowing their kid to get it, 50 percent of young men and 14 percent of young ladies favored games with â€Å"Mature† (M) or Adult-just (AO) rating, which infers a serious extent of introduction to profanity. (Irvine, 2008) This inclination is because of the effect of broad communications. It is gradually turning into a standard that kids are presented to such stuff at such a delicate when they are le arning things that shape up their character. This is the reason such introduction can be harming. I know individuals who like go to gatherings, and smoke since it is something everybody does or something that you calmly observe on TV or in computer games. Since media can control people’s psyche and mentalities, it additionally impacts sexual orientation generalizations. Promoting, news enterprises and diversion, for the most part depict people with generalizations, in which ladies and young ladies are probably going to be set in hindered circumstances, for instance latent and agreeable jobs. This happens a ton in underdeveloped nations for example Pakistan. A few TV shows and ads show ladies ordinarily assuming the job of a housewife while men are demonstrated to be more vocation arranged, concentrating on their occupations. As a result, conventional sexual orientation jobs and force relations have been profoundly credited in people’s sub-cognizance through the broad communications which restricts the improvement of human characters just as social uniformity. At the point when adolescents take a gander at ads, TV shows or movies, they are presented to pictures of cliché portrayals. This generalizing can be seen for all ages. For instance, you can see young ladies playing with Barbie Dolls and Teddy bears or having casual get-togethers while young men are indicated playing with activity figures. Male youngsters are generally depicted as energetic while female adolescents are appeared as young ladies who have enthusiasm for style. Ladies are all the more regularly introduced in comme

The Cask of Amontillado Essay -- Literary Analysis, Allan Poes

In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the principle character, Montresor, drives his adversary, Fortunato, into his sepulchers, and there covers him alive by bricking him up in a specialty in the divider; Poe gives no genuine explanation behind this but to state that Montresor has been â€Å"insulted† here and there. In his Science Fiction work â€Å"Usher II,† Ray Bradbury receives a significant number of Poe’s works in making his storyâ€including pieces from â€Å"TCoA.† What isolates Bradbury’s work from different creators who acquire works and reconsider them (Gregory Maguire’s Wicked, Geraldine Brooks’s March, and Peter Carrey’s Jack Maggs, for example), is that â€Å"Usher II,† in its innovative way, is attempting to be unified with its forerunner. Bradbury tries to hold Poe’s love of the twofold and the mysterious (Gothic mindsets where the peruser is intended to be somewhat d ubious about what they’re perusing and what’s going on) while including, most outstandingly in regards to â€Å"TCoA,† the things Poe never had a lot of care for: a start, an end, and reasonâ€thus making â€Å"Usher II† a tribute to Poe’s work, however a partner piece whose pulsating heart exists in the first work. Poe, as indicated by Professor Epstein of the Queens College English Department, composed for the peak, got you there, and afterward left; instances of this can be found in â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† where Poe removes directly before the cops are going to slap the chains on the storytellers, and, as will be shown beneath, in â€Å"TCoA.† In â€Å"The Philosophy of Composition,† Poe composes, in regards to the structure of his accounts, â€Å"It is just with the resolution [the last disclosure demonstrating the result, or unfastening, of the plot] continually in see that we can give a plot its imperative demeanor of outcome, or causation, by mama... ...has taken Poe’s â€Å"TCoA† entire, similarly for what it's worth, and made it his own by tinkering at the edges, giving it a start, and, on the grounds that the fundamental character has understandable purposes behind doing what he’s doing, a legitimate end that doesn’t leave the peruser feeling as though they’ve been pushed to the highest point of a mountain and afterward left there to get down themselves. In â€Å"Usher II,† Bradbury takes Poe’s covered figures and lifts them for the peruser (notwithstanding the characters, who need to bite the dust since they aren’t acquainted with Poe). Bradbury hasn’t taken Poe’s work, nor has he modified its impact; he has, rather, added his own shrewd inventiveness to an ace storyteller’s work by explaining upon what was at that point there. I feel that even Poe, who so esteemed innovation, would have been entertained by Bradbury’s retelling of his work. (E ither that, or lead him down into some dim and dusty sepulchers.)

Resources for Those Unable to Attend Open House COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Resources for Those Unable to Attend Open House COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We understand it is not possible for all admitted students to attend the Open House scheduled for Tuesday, April 14th.   One resource is the Message Board (view the Welcome Page referenced in your Admission letter for details) and for those who would like to visit at another time, we provide the following advice. In the PDF document at the end of this entry you will find our Spring 2009 Concentration Directory and our Spring 2009 Classes for Visitation list.   The Concentration Directory contains all pertinent contact information for the Directors and Program Assistants of all of SIPA’s Policy Concentrations, Regional Institutes and Special Programs. Contacting the PAs with any questions that you may have is a great way to learn more about the concentrations, specializations and programs as well as what they offer students both when attending SIPA and upon graduation.   Additionally, should you be able to make it to the NYC area another time, we have included a list of classes that you are welcome to visit. Please note that on the directory you will see the email listed as a few letters followed by a few numbers.   Simple insert @columbia.edu after the letters and numbers to send an email. If you will be unable to travel to campus, please utilize iTunes or use the video/interview sections of our Web site (lectures here and interviews here) to see classes, seminars and interviews with some of the many people here at SIPA.   In iTunes all you have to do is type SIPA in the iTunes store search box and you will have access to over 100 different SIPA lectures, panels, or forums all for free. Also, if you will be visiting campus, we do have information sessions scheduled for each Monday evening at 6:00 P.M. and each Friday at Noon.   Although primarily geared toward those who have yet to apply, the sessions also incorporate information that can be very useful to those who have been admitted and are trying to obtain more information.   If you wish to make a reservation, send an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu. If visiting, you are welcome to try to use the message board to set up a time to speak with a student and the Office of Student Affairs, on the sixth floor, is a place to go to have general academic questions answered.   You are welcome to try to set up a time to speak with a faculty member by using the contact information in the PDF below.   Do please understand that on short notice faculty members may be unable to accommodate visits as their primary priority is working with enrolled students. Once we have finalized our program for Open House 2009, we will post it to this blog as well. Again, if you have any follow up questions please send an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu. Click here for the PDF referenced above.

Euthanasia The Right Choice for America Essay - 1779 Words

Euthanasia: The Right Choice for America The ethical debate of euthanasia continues while Oregon remains the only state in which it is legalized in. Based on the success of the Oregon euthanasia law, this law should serve as a model to the rest of the nation and it should be implemented all across the U.S. The success and effectiveness of this law can be seen through many case studies and statistics. Of course, there is a line that is often crossed with doctors who euthanize under unlawful conditions; however, under the right circumstances euthanasia can work. Should the United States of America continue to overlook a patent’s wishes and desires and instead primarily focus on doing everything possible to keep a person alive when†¦show more content†¦Passive euthanasia can be defined as a physician letting someone die without taking the corrective action to preserve his/her life. If people think that doctors have an absolute obligation to preserve life at all costs, why does the law allow physicians to t ake off patients from life support at the discretion of the patient? This is prevalent throughout hospitals across the nation, and in no way are doctors blamed for euthanasia. Judge Miner, of the U.S Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit offers an opinion on the issue. â€Å"Equal protection under the law, as articulated in the 14th Amendment, is violated when we allow people to refuse or withdraw treatment but not allow others to kill themselves-which, in the judge’s estimate, amounts to the same thing† (Kavanaugh 28). This is known as the double effect which asks why Americans have the right to resist medical treatment, which may result in death, but are unable to have a doctor do the unfortunate job for us. Hence, why is active euthanasia illegal if the patient solely makes the decision? Oregon law states how certain conditions must be met in order for euthanasia to be even considered. If the patient is terminally ill, a resident of Oregon, predicted to die in less than six months, and writes a formal request, the wish will be granted. The request has to be signed by two witnesses, one of which has to be a family member or relative. The decision has toShow MoreRelatedDeath with Dignity (Euthanasia) Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone’s life is valuable? These and many other questions are asked when the controversial topic of euthanasia is discussed. Certain groups and different politicians disapprove of the legalization of euthanasia, arguing that it is immoral and unethical. Doctors use modern medicine and expanding technology to â€Å"extend† one’s life. However, court mandates and/or politicians should not decide our rights. Especially when it involves our own bodies. When we feel as though we should end the pain and sufferingRead MoreF or Euthanasia Persuasive Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesinevitable death who are not given the choice of preventing the pain and suffering. Euthanasia is a word that most people avoid because it is very controversial. But why? Euthanasia is a way of ending the prolonging of suffering, while leaving life in peace. Euthanasia is derived from the Greeks where Eu means good and Thanatos means death. When these phrases are combined the word euthanasia is created; meaning â€Å"good death† (6.) There are three types of euthanasia although only two are authentic formsRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia is Our Right to Die1364 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia is Our Right to Die By ruling euthanasia illegal, Americas justice system is violating one of our most natural rights, our freedom of choice. In all respects, the right to die is as natural as the right to live. Websters dictionary defines euthanasia as an easy and painless death or an act or method of causing death painlessly. Euthanasia, when administered correctly and under the right conditions can be a humane and moral procedure. There are so many misconceptions and clichesRead MoreEuthanasia: The Pros and Cons1281 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The pros Anatomy Durkos Sarah Carter Jan 6, 2013 Over the years there has been a debate on whether euthanasia is a â€Å"humane† form of death. Some believe it isnt humane and others believe euthanasia is personal choice. Euthanasia is legal Australia and in four states in the united states. The legality of euthanasia is based on ethics primarily. I am pro euthanasia for many reasons; Euthanasia is cheaper, it ends the suffering of patients, and self determinism. Read MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia1483 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia is a long smooth-sounding word, and it conceals its danger as long, smooth-sounding words do, but the danger is there, nevertheless. As Pearl S. Buck explained through this quote, Euthanasia and medically assisted suicide to present a real danger. Although society refuses to see these dangers, euthanasia creates countless problems that shake society. Euthanasia remains a conditional based issue; therefore, the laws created rely on weak ideas that allow for easy manipulation, asRead MoreThe Hidden Potential Of Euthanasia1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hidden Potential of Euthanasia When people think of the term â€Å"dying with dignity† they will usually picture themselves living a very fulfilling life where everyone saw them as some sort of hero. Maybe they want to be seen as someone who was strong and kept up with a battle to fight disease. This same image could come to mind with a person who chose to take their own life rather than let a disease or terminal illness be the reason for them dying. There are very few people that imagine dyingRead MoreIs Euthanasia Be A Morally Permissible Action?957 Words   |  4 PagesI plan to address the topic of euthanasia. I will cover the philosophy behind why it is not a regular practice, and differentiate between multiple forms. After introducing the issue, itself I will speak briefly on the legality of the issue. This should result in the principles of myself, Peter Singer, Don Marquis, and Michael Tooley all being brought together in this discussion. Ultimately, I will lead this discussion into the directio n of why I have found euthanasia to be a morally permissible actionRead MoreThe Controversial Topic of Euthanasia975 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia is a controversial topic throughout today’s society. As euthanasia is illegal in America, Singer fights for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia, which means the patients make voluntary request to be assisted to die. While religious views value that the life cannot be taken away so easily, Singer focuses on the human rights that enable their choices to die or not to die. However, I do not agree with singer’s respect for autonomy on the issue of voluntary euthanasia because this issueRead MoreEuthanasi A Way Out Of Suffering1742 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia; A Way Out Of Suffering Chelsey L. Isner Weir High School Mrs. Lengthorn Mrs. Pellegrino  Abstract Human euthanization is not something new, but it is widely believed to be unethical. In reality, human euthanization is a painless solution to a terminal illness. The topic of this paper is how euthanization for humans is not a bad thing. During the writing process questions were asked about how religion views euthanasia, if it would be used for suicidal purposes, If Belgium’s lawRead MoreWhat Is The Value Of Life Exactly? Who Decides Whether1591 Words   |  7 Pagesare asked when the controversial topic of euthanasia is discussed. Euthanasia, is the practice of ending a life to release an individual from intolerable suffering. Euthanasia continues to occur in all societies, including those in which it is held to be immoral and illegal.1 Laws against passive and voluntary euthanasia have slowly been eased, although serious moral and legal questions still exist. America was built on freedom and the individual choices we make: choosing how and when we want to

Miley Cyrus s Brand Identity Essay - 1655 Words

Miley Cyrus’s brand identity and start text was configured through her years on her hit sitcom. She was known as a young sweet innocent teenage girl that believed in love. Through her evolution she created herself a new star text that was the polar opposite of what she was previously thought of. Her new star text was completely self and media driven. She is currently identifying herself with heartbreak, drugs, activism and nonconformity. The extreme change of start text shocked and dismayed individuals. Many social media users and celebrity journalist wrote the transformation of, implying it as a lost girl in her twenties making mistakes she will eventually regret. Despite the negative comments she has embraced her star text using it for free publicity and media attention. Miley Cyrus purposefully modified her star text in order to make it in the music industry, she targeted a new market and generation using her controversial change bootsing her self-success, making her one of the greatest known evolved celebrities on a mass media level. To illustrate, Many still remember Miley Cyrus as the sweet pop-star and down to earth character from her role as Hannah Montana on Disney Channel. At some point many fans believed that the personality of Miley Cyrus was matched her role on Hannah Montana. In her honest interviews and real encounters with fans, people connected with her innocence and deemed her as a suitable role model for girls her age. In one of her interviews sheShow MoreRelatedIs Miley Cyrus s Brand Identity? Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesI am student in our class and wanted to recommended anyone who wants to check their paper s grammar or plagiarism to use paperrater.com Miley Cyrus’s brand identity that configured her start text was created through her years on her hit sitcom. She was thought of as a young sweet innocent teenage girl that believed in love. Through her evolution she created herself a new star text that was polar opposite to what fans and media had taken her for. Her new star text was c ompletely self and media drivenRead MoreMiley Cyrus s Influence On The Media Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThrough Miley Cyrus’s years on her hit sitcom her brand identity and start text were made. Her original star text was known a young sweet innocent teenage girl that believed in love. As Miley and her audience matured she began to revolutionize her image by creating herself a new star text that was the polar opposite of her previous. Her new star text was completely self and media driven. Now her current start text identifies with heartbreak, drugs, activism and nonconformity. The extreme changeRead MoreThe Evolution Of Miley Cyrus Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution of Miley Cyrus As Miley Cyrus’s audience matured, she purposefully changed her image by creating a new star text that was the polar opposite of her previous. A star text is everything that we associate with a start, including their promotion and body of work. Her hit sitcom Hannah Montana built her previous brand identity that connected with her audience of adolescent children. Miley’s original image was known for being a sweet and innocent teenage girl. Now her current start textRead MoreThe Greatest Successful Child Stars Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagestiny pieces and buried in my backyard she will always hold a very special place in my heart!† Miley Cyrus captioned on Instagram for the tenth anniversary of the TV show that made her one of the most successful child stars in recent history. A product of Disney, Cyrus would not also be one of the most popular current celebrities if she had not drastically altered her star text to stay relevant. Her brand management provides e xceptional insight into the continuous battle of sustaining a career as aRead MoreMiley Cyrus s Original Image Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesAs Miley Cyrus’s audience matured she purposefully changed her image by creating a new star text that was the polar opposite of her previous. A star text is considered to be everything that we associate with a start, including their promotion and body of work. Her hit sitcom Hannah Montana built her previous brand identity that connected with her audience of adolescent children. Miley’s original image was known for being a sweet and innocent teenage girl. Now her current start text identifies withRead MoreChronicles The Author s Journey Through America s Princess Culture With Her Young Daughter, Daisy1665 Words   |  7 PagesIn this book, chronicles the author’s journey through America’s princess culture with her young daughter, Daisy. Beginning with Disney princesses, Orenstein comes to examine American Girl do lls, the â€Å"tween† market, Miley Cyrus, social media, beauty pageants, and of course, Barbie, all in the united effort to best understand the decisions she is making for her daughter. potential body issues, poor self-esteem, ramped sexism, and gender essentialist impositions, The â€Å"princess phase† is first up forRead More`` Wicked Games `` By Abel Tesfaye1566 Words   |  7 PagesIn the current era of popular music in America, childhood starlets often experience a shift or change in the genre and lyrical contents of the music they produce once they reach adulthood. While childhood stars such as Miley Cyrus and Britney Spears transformed their images towards more sexually and culturally liberal ones, African American artists, on the other hand, have to contend with toning down their music explicitly to appeal more towards white America. 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The 60’s and 70’s brought in the â€Å"second wave† of women who had the general focus of ending discrimination, especially in the workplace. The â€Å"third wave† happened during the 90’s and continues to this day. This wave is continuing the work of the second wave but differentiates in the fact that is is more inclusive whereas the second wave cateredRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect the Fashion Industry?6099 Words   |  25 Pagestechnological advancement gives designers, producers and consumers an enormous platform to showcase and promote their work through simpler sharing. The author believes this advancement has had a very positive impact on the fashion industry, by increasing brand awareness and bringing fashion to all globally rather than the constrained few as it were previously. To understand how social media has influenced the fashion industry it is important to study how the fashion industry worked before social media played

Analysis And Interpretation Of Henry Free Essays

Over time he becomes more and ore jealous, since his wife appreciates the doll more than him and therefore he decides to get rid of the doll. There are many themes in the story, such as marriage, jealousy and childish behavior. The genre is very comical as there is an exaggeration of the turmoil that can OCCUr in a marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis And Interpretation Of Henry or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be seen that it is a short Story by: There are few persons It is a sudden beginning/ in medias rest It is a short story It has an open ending, because it leaves the reader in uncertainty. Living with his wife and the doll Henry, the narrator becomes more and more jealous and starts hating both of them, especially Henry with his well-bred smile. He is very aware of the fact that his wife loves and appreciates Henry the doll more than him and that Henry is better looking than him, which he himself says, â€Å"In our tiny kitchen he towered above my puny height of five foot nothing. He looked handsome and smart with his green vinyl suit and firm jaw† (II. 13-14 p. 2). You can tell by her tone when she speaks with her husband that she does not love and appreciate her husband as much as she loves and appreciates Henry. This is also seen in the quote â€Å"HERE, LET ME DO IT. You’re 3 p. 2)†. She says that he is useless, which she also mentions several times through the story. The following quote shows that the wife appreciate Henry more because she buys better gifts to the doll Henry compared to what she buys to her husband: â€Å"At Christmas, my wife bought me a set of kitchen skewers and a potato-peeler. Henry got a checked cap, a long tartan scarf and a smart pair of driving gloves† (II. 3-4 p. 3). By this you can see how much more the wife appreciate the doll rather than her husband. In this short story, there is an omniscient first-person narrator, as the narrator acts as a first-person narrator and because he knows about his fife’s feelings, this can be seen in the following quote â€Å"My wife screamed with hatred†(al. 10 p. 3). In this quote it can be seen that he describes the way and the feeling his wife had when she screamed. It can also be seen in the quote â€Å"She gazed with admiration as the figure slowly grew to full size† (II. 12 p. 2). In this quote he knows about her feelings, as he describes how she gazed as the figure slowly grew to full size. The narrator seems to be mentally unstable, because he has a childish behavior. This can be seen in the quote â€Å"He had a triumphant smile upon his lips† (II. 21 p. 4). He attaches the doll human-like behavior, when he mentions the triumphant smile, which he does several times. This makes him very depressive, because he has a negative view on life, which can be seen by all the many negative adjectives he assigns his wife. He is afraid of being alone and abandoned; therefore he does not leave her in the beginning, even though she treats him badly. The narrator has a subjective interpretation of reality, because there is an exaggeration of the turmoil that can occur in the marriage. The main purpose of buying Henry is to use it to frighten off muggers- the wife mentions. It is going to sit beside the wife when she is driving, but Henry has gained more importance, since the wife acts like Henry is her new husband. At some point it becomes too much for her husband and that is why he wants to get rid of Henry. Eventually when his wife sees what he has done, she begins crying. At some point he hears her crying and then he repairs Henry, â€Å"Moved by her hysterical cries, I ran for my puncture kit and made a hasty repair. After much huffing and puffing at the pump, Henry was restored to his full 13-14 p. 3). The author has a humorous style of writing, which makes the text entertaining. An example might be the episode where the wife explains that she bought Henry to frighten off muggers, when she is driving. Here occurs a humorous comment from her husband â€Å"l smiled. My wife frighten off muggers without the help of a dummy† (II. 7 p. 2). The use of humor is also a way of distancing oneself from painful experiences. His own wife frightens the narrator; â€Å"l decided to wander round for a bit. Didn’t want to be there when she discovered that he was missing. I smirked to myself. She was crazy about Henry. She would kill me if she knew what I had done† (II. 5-7 p. 4). The atmosphere in the couple’s house, is unstable and fill ed with jealousy, because it seems like they are getting divorced. You would also expect that they would be getting a divorce in any moment. At Christmas, my wife cap, a long tartan scarf and a smart pair of driving gloves† (II. 34 p. 3) â€Å"He deserves them,’ she said, ‘you’re just useless! † (II. 5 p. 3) â€Å"A great surge of anger rose up in me. How I hated them both† (II. 6 p. 3) From the quotes above, it can be seen that the mood in the house is hateful. The reason they are together is not because they love each other, but because their title as a aired couple. Their relationship becomes more and more hateful when the man makes it worse by adding Henry human characteristics. How to cite Analysis And Interpretation Of Henry, Papers

Improving Cross Cultural Communication Skills †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Improving Cross Cultural Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction The word culture means a complicated accumulation of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs and customs that relates and gives a common uniqueness to a group of individuals. It takes a relatively long duration for a culture to develop. It is very common to find communications which seems to be meaningless to the receiver or the listener simply because either the communicator or the listener is unaware of what to expect out of the communication. Communication between individuals differ to a great extent between and within cultures and the various rules and regulations with reference to the accurate level of fierceness in interacting can lead to even greater misunderstandings in culture (Hilton 2003). The two words communication and culture has been repeatedly been defined and redefined by many researchers in the past simply because the two concepts are closely related to each other with what is fundamentally human. However from the anthropological view point, customs had united with all of its elements when human existence first came into being and led to the development of interpersonal relationships wherein various individuals ended up developing separate communities of their own which ultimately resulted in communication across cultures ((Kinsey 2011). One of the biggest hurdles to communication across cultures have been language, however the same has undergone drastic changes since globalisation and the advent of what we call telecommunication. The said concept is now being challenged by all by the spread of what is known as supra-English. Each culture have their own set of rules and regulations which is accepted by all its members automatically. Business entities across the globe have realised that intercultural interaction is very crucial, not only due to globalisation but also because the domestic labour has gone diverse both ethnically as well as culturally. Apart from cultural differences while communicating, it is very important to understand that the link that exist between the two communicating parties is also an important factor to be considered for successful communication(Moseley, 2009). The biggest issue is that even if the communication is being done with a positive attitude, miscommunication is probable to occur and that too when there exists cultural variations between the two ends. In the particular essay, communication across cultures is being discussed and demonstrated by providing various examples relating to ideas, attitudes and behavioural patterns. Four distinct variables are being discussed with regards the cross-cultural communication that occurs i.e. time and space, fate and personal responsibility, face and face saving and nonverbal communication. One of the most critical variable to be considered while discussing about the cross cultural communication is time as this is one thing that segregates culture and the ways the different cultures do things. Such as in the Western part of the world, time is inclined to be viewed as quantitative which is measured in units that shows the progression. In the West, time is construed to be equivalent to money and the said approach is termed as monochromic wherein focus is on a single communication at one time and not multiple. Whereas in contrast, in the Eastern side of the world, people are of the view that time is unlimited and hence do not value the same. People prefer to do multi-tasking at one point of time, thereby falling under the approach called polychromic. Thus people converse with many people at the same time and on various topics that have no linkage with each other. Thus here the cultural difference is highlighted between the east and the west (Padhi, 2016). One of the most sought after example to understand the Eastern part of world would be India. People here are of the view that time is endless via various cycles which keeps on moving, appearing and disappearing. Time here extends and elongates far beyond the human ego or lifetime. Further the dissimilarities over time can play out in excruciating and vivid ways in arbitration or clash resolution procedure. A perfect example of explaining the difference is an arbitration procedure with regards a land claim that occurred in Canada. First Nations people met the spokespersons from domestic, regional and national governments to meet each other and start the work. The former kind of people took a lot of time as they were talking about things which were away from the actual point of discussion such as the topic on which they talked about comprised of the spirit of land, what their people have done for the land and talked about generations after generations (Hooker, 2008). However, when the turn of the diplomats came, they talked to the point i.e. they showed various graphs and charts and discussed only about the purpose for which they had gathered. Thereby representing that the flow charts were linear and spare in their lack of description, starting from the overbearing customs from which these diplomats of the government came. Thus none of the two ends were happy meeting each other for the first time. They did not bother on the fact that they differed on time, rather were sure that they did not talk on the similar lines due to cultural differences, thus making communication uninteresting as well. Thus this made their interaction tough (Reynolds, Valentine, 2011). Hence it can be construed that the cultural advancements towards interaction does not necessarily always ensure good faith but also at times may cater to servicing of a number of motives. Emphasizing supremacy, dominance, benefit or direction over the path of arbitration may be a purpose enveloped up in particular cultural behaviours (Adair et.al.2001) . Culture as well as cultural beliefs can be utilised as a weapon by arbitrators, hence for the said purpose it is crucial for the interacting ends to be involved in collaborative-process design while catering to inflexible divergences (LeBaron, 2003). Since people from varying cultural backgrounds work in conjunction with each other to formulate a process to cater and deal with the problems that segregate them, they can query about various cultural preferences such as time and space and how it may have an impact on the arbitration or the conflict resolving procedure. Hence this way, they may immunize against the usage of culture as an approach or an apparatus to press forward supremacy (Ybema, Hynghae, 2009). The second crucial erratic elements which has an impact on the communication across cultures is fate and personal responsibility. It connotes to the extent one feels oneself as the master of life as against the level to which one views oneself as subject to things outside ones management. A second approach to this would be how much a person has the capability to adapt itself to the changes and contrive so as to be able to select the course of ones linkages and lives. Some have pinched a matching amid the importance on private accountability in North American surroundings and the background itself (Thomas, 1994). In North America there is a huge area which is sparsely populated. Here various kids grow up with a heroic logic of life wherein they possess huge ideas and hope filaments everlasting. Whenever they face any failures, they do not get discouraged, instead get up again and try until they achieve success. However in contradiction to the same, if places with a relatively smaller territory is considered wherein the history shows that the past has been too stressful full of struggles, at such territories the main stress is upon what luck has to play in the life of human beings. Such as in Mexico, the people view struggles and stress as an integral part of life which cannot be let go of or avoided. There way of reacting to breakdowns and disappointments is by reiterating ni modo which means that the disappointment was written in their luck and hence unavoidable (Earley, 2006). The cultural conflict in communication is important in this context. If a person is devoted in free determination crosses paths with somebody more defeatist in direction, miscommunication is surely to occur (Gudykunst, 2003). The same is because the former would demand for accountability and responsibility and unable to view the same may understand that the later is lazy or not honest with his work. However, the later would think that he would be respected and applauded for his efforts and if the same does not happen, may blame that the former was dominant and impertinent, overstated with his views with regards what can be possibly be achieved or reversed (Catana, 2014). The third variable with regards cross cultural communication is face and face-saving. Face is an integral part across varying cultural backgrounds but the dynamics of face and face-saving come out in a different way. The study with regards face and face saving with regards communication conflicts in cross cultural interaction is crucial especially in a diversified US work force and also in the wake of globalisation wherein people are generally found to be engaged into conflicts. Face is defined and is distinct in various manners in the literature of communication across varying cultures. As per Novinger, the said variable basically means the respect or viewpoint an individual has in the eyes of others and it connotes haughtiness or respect for ones own self. Whereas, some others have defined the same as the arbitrated image of the public, reciprocally approved one another by the contestants in interaction. If the said variable is defined in a more exaggerated manner then it would com prise of ideas of status, supremacy, courtesy, humbleness, within and outside linkages, humour and dignity. In various cultures and societies, maintain face is of utmost importance even if the methods and ways of doing the same may differ (Markus, Kitayama, 1991). The initiation point of egoism, eccentricity and communitarians are intimately linked to face. If one looks at oneself as an individual who is self influential by nature, then in this case face has to play an integral role with regards preservation of the image of the person in front of others as well as to self. For the same, the individual should make all efforts to imply adequate controls in such scenarios so as to attain the aims successfully. One may achieve this by adopting a aggressive attitude in arbitration or tackling somebody to whom one thinks has done an incorrect act to the self. One may be more at ease to stand in a situation of mediation wherein both the ends meet face to face and talk about the differences and resolve the same on the forefront (Oetzel et.al. 2001). Further if the main identification is understood as a member of a group, then contemplations about face takes into account the group as a whole. However, confronting somebody face to face may portray and reflect a very sad image of the person on the entire group to which he belongs and may even lead to disruption of the peace and harmony of the community as a whole. Thus face and face saving basically demands for avoidance of direct confrontation as it helps to safeguard the image and also preserve the relationships from getting damaged. Hence it simply means that their seems to be a thirst to save the face else shun from extending offense (Adler, 2003). Non verbal communication is the most crucial variable in cross cultural communication as language is a problem in cultural interaction which to an extent gets resolved due to the non-verbal part of it. Thereby whenever verbal form of interaction is not clear enough to comprehend, then the individual uses non-verbal method of interaction to exchange ideas. Nonverbal form of communication can be either via postur-es or sign language or emotional expression or touch or such other various forms. Cultures which belong to the low context such as the USA and Canada put relatively less amount of pressure on the non-verbal form. However one cannot conclude that non-verbal form of interaction is totally absent, but the same is less prevalent as people prefer to talk in words than in actions. Whereas in the high-context scenario in countries such as Japan, China or Columbia, it is easy to communicate in the non-verbal manner as their language is too difficult to comprehend thereby sign language etc helps in better communicating of the information (Okazaki, 2004). Some of the rudiments of the non-verbal communication are similar across various cultures. Such as the research confirms that emotions such as anger, happiness, surprise, sad are showed and articulated in the same manner irrespective of the culture to which a person belongs. Then the most pertinent question arises is as to where is the difference then. The issues come up with regards such emotions which are suitable to exhibit in various cultural settings and by whom. Such as it may be highly acceptable in places such as the USA to accept the loud behaviour of women expressing their emotion of terror rather than annoyance and for the male counterpart to exhibit fury but not horror. Furthermore, even the exhibition of fail expressions across various cultures is varying. Such as in China and Japan, people across the globe would think that facial expressions shown by them represent happiness but it may actually show anger or cover up sorrow. However, the disparities in the understanding may give way to disagreement or shoot up live clash. Such as if a Japanese is trying to tell the listener about the why he or she was not available at the time of negotiation since there was a mishap in the family, the same may be done with a smile, since their culture understanding is that it is inappropriate to impose in tenderness of sorrow on someone else. Hence for a westerner who is of the belief that a smile connotes happiness or joy, the said smile may look as incompatible and even rude during such a situation. Although there are some facial expressions which are same across various cultural backgrounds, even then the final understanding of these expressions linger around being culture specific. Thereby it is crucial to interpret certain things with regards cultural starting points and values so as to understand the sentiments being articulated across various cultural communications taking place (Pym, 2003). Another variable across cultures is related to proxemics or certain methods of linking to space. Across cultures one comes across varying ideas and views about well-bred space for communications and arbitrations, such as people belonging to North America are of the view that they need ample space since they are used to the same in their daily life in their houses as well. However in contrast, the Europeans prefer talking by maintaining least possible space since they are used to smaller personal space (Adetunji, Sze, 2012). The issue with regards space preferences is the the judgements attached with the space and not the fact that the space is present. Thus if a person is used to sitting close to someone while interacting and the other person tries to maintain space, then the former would interpret such a way of non-verbal communication as rudeness or unavailability of adequate interest to communicate. Whereas those who are used to communicate by maintaining a specific distance with the other person, then the latter in this case if coming close would be considered as discourteous and belligerent by nature. Hence it can be said that line-waiting activities and that which is present in a group setting such as a grocery shop are culturally prejudiced. As per the Americans, they prefer to maintain discipline by standing in line as they are of the view first come first serve whereas the people of France are used to breaking a line which connotes indiscipline behaviour at various places. Thereby these examples of disparities with regards the communication which is not verbal in nature are just the tip of the iceberg. Cautious annotations, in progress learning from a range of basis and humanizing associations across cultures will all help increase the enriching confidence to labour successfully with non-verbal communiqu differentiations (Koksal, 2011). Coclusion All the variables talked about in this essay i.e. time and space, face and face saving, personal responsibility and non-verbal communication are much more complicated than it seems so in the essay above. All these variables, individually have a stark persuade in the line of communication and may be accountable for clashes or the intensification of clashes when the conversation moves towards miscommunication or is being interpreted incorrectly. Thus in order to ensure that communications across cultures are being carried out in a silent and an amicable manner, the parties communicating should over a period of time should try to meet up in between, thereby trying to understand each others cultures and the values attached with the same. It is very important to understand that when two people interacting do not belong to the same cultural background, then they should understand what is correct as per the opposite culture and communicate in a manner which is not offensive to both the part ies. Thus the main key to cross0cultural interaction is basically trying to understand the other culture and respecting their values and beliefs as well. Bridging the gap is possible when both the ends move forward equally thereby ensuring to meet midway in order to ensure successful and meaning communication. Expressing high opinion for the traditions and the values apart from ones own is basically one of the best possible way in ensuring a successful development of cross cultural communication It this respect which helps in ultimately leading to a good and a healthy cross-cultural communication relationship. References: Adair, W.L, Okumura. T, Brett, J.M. (2001). Negotiation behaviour when cultures collide: the U.S. and Japan. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86: 37185. Adler, N.J .(2003). Communication across cultural barriers. In: Bolten J, Ehrhardt C (eds) Interkulturelle Kommunikation: Texte und bungen zum interkulturellen Handeln. Sternenfels: Wissenschaft Praxis, 247276 Adetunji,R.R. Sze, K.P. (2012). Understanding Non-Verbal Communication across cultures : A symbolic Interactionism Approach. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255967701_Understanding_Non-Verbal_Communication_across_Cultures_A_Symbolic_Interactionism_Approach Catana,S.E. (2014). Teaching Cross-cultural Communication Issues- A way of successfully integrating into the Multicultural Knowledge Society. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences. 128. 343-348 Earley, C. P. (2006).Leading cultural research in the future, a matter of paradigms and taste. Journal of International Business Studies, 37: 922-931. Gudykunst, W.B. (2003). Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. Sage Publication: New Delhi Hilton,G. (2003). Becoming Culturally Fluent. Communication World. 24(6). 34-36 Hooker,J.N. (2008). Cultural Differences in Business Communication. Retrieved from https://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149context=tepper Kinsey,C. (2011). Communicating across cultures. Retrieved from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/business-communication/communicating-across-cultures Koksal,D. (2011). Pragmatic Approach to Cross-Cultural Communication in the BUsienss World. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.246rep=rep1type=pdf LeBaron,M. (2003). Cross-Cultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication Markus, H. Kitayama, S. (1991) Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review. 98: 22453. Moseley,A. (2009). Improving Cross-Cultural Communication Skills: Ask-Seek-Knock. Retrieved from https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/lao/issue_17/LAO_IssXVII_Moseley.pdf Okazaki, S. (2004). Does culture matter? Identifying cross-national dimensions in Japanese multinationals product-based websites. Electronic Markets. 14: 5869. Oetzel,J., Ting-Toomey,S., Masumoto,T., Wilcox,R. (2001). Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan and Unites States. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248925162_Face_and_facework_in_conflict_A_cross-cultural_comparison_of_China_Germany_Japan_and_the_United_States Padhi, P.K. (2016). The Rising Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication in Global Business Scenario. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science. 4(1). 20-26. Retrieved from https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol4-issue1/E412026.pdf Pym,A. (2003). A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242584197_A_Theory_of_Cross-Cultural_Communication Reynolds, S., Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-cultural Communication. (2nded). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Thomas,D.R. (1994). Understanding cross-cultural communication. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257880583_Understanding_cross-cultural_communication Ybema,S. Hynghae,B. (2009). Cultivating Cultural Differences in Asymmetric Power Relations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 9(3). 339-358

Perspectives in African American History and culture

Self Reliance Essays - Eddic Poetry, Lokasenna, Free Essays

Self Reliance Essays - Eddic Poetry, Lokasenna, Free Essays Self Reliance There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till. The power which resides in him is new in nature, and none but he knows what that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has tried. Not for nothing one face, one character, one fact, makes much impression on him, and another none. This sculpture in the memory is not without preestablished harmony. The eye was placed where one ray should fall, that it might testify of that particular ray. We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents. It may be safely trusted as proportionate and of good issues, so it be faithfully imparted, but God will not have his work made manifest by cowards. A man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his work and done his best; but what he has said or done otherwise, shall give him no peace. It is a deliverance which does not deliver. In the attempt his genius deserts him; no muse befriends; no invention, no hope. Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being. And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner, not cowards fleeing before a revolution, but guides, redeemers, and benefactors, obeying the Almighty effort, and advancing on Chaos and the Dark. What pretty oracles nature yields us on this text, in the face and behaviour of children, babes, and even brutes! That divided and rebel mind, that distrust of a sentiment because our arithmetic has computed the strength and means opposed to our purpose, these have not. Their mind being whole, their eye is as yet unconquered, and when we look in their faces, we are disconcerted. Infancy conforms to nobody: all conform to it, so that one babe commonly makes four or five out of the adults who prattle and play to it. So God has armed youth and puberty and manhood no less with its own piquancy and charm, and made it enviable and gracious and its claims not to be put by, if it will stand by itself. Do not think the youth has no force, because he cannot speak to you and me. Hark! in the next room his voice is sufficiently clear and emphatic. It seems he knows how to speak to his contemporaries. Bashful or bold, then, he will know how to make us seniors very unnecessary. The nonchalance of boys who are sure of a dinner, and would disdain as much as a lord to do or say aught to conciliate one, is the healthy attitude of human nature. A boy is in the parlour what the pit is in the playhouse; independent, irresponsible, looking out from his corner on such people and facts as pass by, he tries and sentences them on their merits, in the swift, summary way of boys, as good, bad, interesting, silly, eloquent, troublesome. He cumbers himself never about consequences, about interests: he gives an independent, genuine verdict. You must court him: he does not court you. But the man is, as it were, clapped into jail by his consciousness. As soon as he has once acted or spoken with eclat, he is a committed person, watched by the sympathy or the hatred of hundreds, whose affections must now enter into his account. There is no Lethe for this. Ah, that he could pass again into his neutrality! Who can thus avoid all pledges, and having observed, observe again from the same unaffected, unbiased, unbribable, unaffrighted innocence, must always be formidable. He would utter opinions on all passing affairs, which being seen to be not private, but necessary, would sink like darts into the ear of men, and put them in fear. These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible as we enter into the

Retail Stategy (6) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Retail Stategy (6) - Assignment Example With the help of continuously tracking and monitoring the environment for changes, organizations can identify several threats and opportunities and can take steps accordingly. This in turn allows the organizations to create a competitive edge over other competitors in the industry (Witcher & Chau, 2010). There are several methods and techniques for conducting audit of the internal and external environment of the organization (Witcher & Chau, 2010). Technology has made it more easier for the organizations to keep an eye on important environmental factors. With the help of properly implemented information systems and other technological devices one can identify important patterns and trends. Along with this, extensive market research also facilitates in the process of identifying and analyzing the changes in the marketplace (Witcher & Chau, 2010). With reference to the retailing business and retail management, it is highly essential for the retail organization to keep a track of the changing needs and preferences of the customers. This allows the retail organization to formulate strategies in accordance with the requirements of the customers (Berman & Evans, 2010). For this purpose the retail organization can link the data generated through RFID and other technological tools with the information systems in order to analyze the demands of the products (Berman & Evans, 2010). In this way, the organization will get an idea about the needs and preferences of the customers. Also, top management of the organization should conduct regular mystery shopping analysis in different retail outlets. This will also enable them to collect significant information and identify different changes in the marketplace. All this data should be stored in the database and should be available for the research analysts to identify important trends. This data will be helpful in identifying important patters like overall sales of a particular

Strategic Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Managment - Assignment Example It is also necessary to establish strong groundwork that has the capability to support successful implementation of the growth strategies. This paper describes the basic growth strategies and critically analyses how they are implemented by Subway as it continues to grow. The paper examines the strategic capability of Subway and identifies its competitive advantage over its competitors. It also discusses which of these strategic capabilities contribute to Subway’s competitive advantage. Subways Strategic Growth According to Aaker et al. (2006), market segmentation is one of the significant growth strategies that a small business can effectively accomplish. It involves identifying a sub-set of the whole market and focusing all the sales efforts on it. It is a way of being specific with regards to whom to sell the products to. Successful businesses usually slice out a particular section of the market and maximize their efforts towards owning it. With such focus, it is possible to understand the changing customer desires and engage in customer focused production. Even though the strategy may eliminate part of the prospective customers, it helps to concentrate on the core customers thereby developing a vibrant growth path. The entrepreneur makes business choices through segmentation with regards to who to serve, who to evade as well as which segment to focus on to increase profitability. According to Hoyer & MacInnis (2006), segmentation is a customer focused growth strategy that generates great impact value schemes for new market sub-segments. The foundation of this strategy is to understand customers in a different point of view. It requires managers and product experts gaining new perceptions with regards to customer desires and preferences, which is a significant step in identifying the inadequately served consumer groups as well as unseen growth opportunities. The market sub-segments can be based on recently identified customer needs, purchasing patterns as well as the profit margin of the sub-segments. Innovations are focused on the most promising sub-segments where an organization intends to create high impact value offers. The new innovations are tested within the sub-segments, which allows upgrading business on the basis of the results of the tests (Hoyer & MacInnis, 2006). According to Crawford & Benedetto (2008), small businesses can focus on low end consumer sub-segments. The cost to the consumer can be minimized through eliminating non-essential characteristics on the products such as expensive value addition that does not affect the product’s utility. Many customers in these sub-segments are likely to welcome the new changes since they lower the cost and hence increase affordability. The segmentation growth strategy for sub-way began with the decision to operate in smaller and more specialist outlets-such as schools and factories-because of its smaller scale business formula. Market segmentation was also applied in Subway through the assessment of customer needs whereby it was established that an inc reasing market share came to Subway because it offered a low-fat alternative to burgers and French fries. This knowledge was used in 1998 to develop a marketing campaign that focused on a line of seven low-fat sandwiches that significantly boosted sales. Further, the customer sub-segment that required full calorie meal was satisfied through the development of a range of big-eater sandwiches-for example, steak and cheese, which also helped to increase sales significantly. According to Aaker et al. (2006), product

Palliative Care in End Stage Congestive Heart Failure

Palliative Care in End Stage Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure (CHF) is an inability of the heart to supply/pump blood to the body as it needs in normal. CHF is an acute illness and a chronic disease in which the passage of time may cause other physical and psychological diseases that poses a threat to the health of the patient, and may be the cause of life limiting (American Heart Association, 2010). This indicates the poor quality of life of the patient, exacerbating health problem. Hence, those patients need to attend palliative care to improve the quality of life. Palliative care for CHF patient is very important to relive or prevent the pain which may be able to be cause physical problems such as (respiratory disorder and sleep disorder) or psychological problems such as (depression and anxiety). Palliative care is supportive care which provides physical support, psychological support, spiritual support and social support and that is to provide the best as much as possible to improve quality of life (Davidson, Macdonald Newton, 2010). How can you help and support Verner from the palliative care perspective? From the case Mr. Verner has complaining from several problems related to his state of physical, psychological, social and spiritual. In the beginning I have to consider appropriate place of care either in hospital or at home if there is sufficient support in all ways (Patient UK, 2010). Then Ill start with him a comprehensive assessment for his situation from perspective of palliative care includes the physical and psychological, social, cultural and spiritual (existential). Mr. Verner has advanced heart failure or end stage heart failure where can be identified the stage according to Dunderdale, Thompson, Miles, Beer Furze (2005) by the New York Heart Association (NYHA). In addition NYHA can assess a variety of the physical symptoms and restrictions. An important aspect of Mr. Verner management is communication and listening, exploring his understanding and feelings about his illness. Exploring concerns about the future can provide opportunities to discuss death and preferences fo r end of life care (Jaarsma et al., 2009). There are physical and psychological complications caused by CHF. For example Mr. Verner case: he does not sleep at night because he has trouble breathing, probably he has pulmonary congestion/pulmonary edema because according to (American Heart Association, 2010) pulmonary edema is one of the complications of CHF. So, medical intervention is needs in order to address the symptoms experienced by the patient, because medical care is very important to reduce patient stress and anxiety. Providing support through effective communication, skills may lift the moral of the patient. During communication I have to be honest and fidelity also in dealing with this patient must be show kindness, compassion and respect. In order to helping Mr. Verner from the palliative care perspective I have to provide a good palliative symptom management, psychological, spiritual and social support will provide hope and reassurance. Emotional and social support is very important aspect for CHF patient. Where the presence of family, relatives and friends around of the patient would be a very strong supporter to improve the psychological status of the patient and reduce depression, anxiety, social isolation and loneliness (Jaarsma et al., 2009). Ill ask the provider of Social Work to communicate with family members to provide the counseling and patient needs from social services. Also the family members should be encouraged in participating with palliative care team to more improve in the physical care for the patient. Moreover, he may benefit from a referral to social services and district nursing. Liaison between his primary care team and the local palliative care team is strongly recommended and Mr. Verner could be given contact numbers for the palliative care services. Hospice care for further social support and respite may be beneficial. Providing spiritual support is one of the important aspect of palliative care whether from family or from clergy, to encourage and support the patient to let him look to the future with optimism and live with his society and daily activities in comfortable manner until he dies (Becker, 2010). Which problems and needs can you identify? From the case it shows to me Mr. Verner suffering from physical and psychological problems which include: Heart disease is the main cause of worsening of his situation and increase physical problems that are: According to Scherer et al., (2005) lack emotional and social in patients with CHF makes the psychological problems in evolution as experienced by Mr. Verner: Physical problems Nausea,Vomiting Vertigo all the day time Decreased appetite Lack of energy Trouble breathing Cough in night Sleeping disorder Psychological problems Depression Anxiety Social isolation/loneliness Hopelessness Fear of death Nursing diagnosis: Decreased cardiac output related to decreased myocardial contractility. Impaired gas exchange related to lung congestion resulting in trouble breathing and cough in night. Nutrition imbalanced less than body requirements related to nausea and vomiting. Fatigue related to lack of energy. Disturbed sleep pattern related to trouble breathing. Ineffective coping related to chronic illness (Berman, Snyder, Kozier Erb, 2008). Patients needs: Information about the disease process, treatment and general advice on what to do and what not to do. Physical support and managing symptoms to relieve/reduce suffering and improve general health for live comfortably. Emotional support to reduce the psychological symptoms, where the presence of family around him will be a catalyst for this support. Social services to provide equipment such as stair lifts, ramps, commodes and information about packages of care. Enhance the care, improve quality of life and provide end life care with respect culture (customs and traditions), dignity, beneficence, sympathy and empathy. Make a nursing care plan for Verner. Explain and motivate your suggested nursing interventions in accordance with the four key areas listed in the introduction. Patient with end stage of heart failure may present with a variety of symptoms, which are similar to patients with advanced cancer (Matzo Sherman, 2010). A detailed history, physical examination, investigations and establishment of patient priorities will help in the management of their symptoms and improvement of quality of life. An accurate drug history is important due to the nature of complex drug regimens. The difficulties of coping with unwanted drug side effects may cause patients to be afraid to report their non-concordance, which may precipitate hospital admission. Common physical symptoms are fatigue, pain, breathlessness, dizziness, cachexia, anorexia, nausea, insomnia, difficulty in walking, constipation (Jaarsma et al., 2009). Communication skills are very important part in palliative care between palliative care team and patients and their families. There are small things, but significant that matter to the patient and family such as: a clean, well-pressed uniform; neat and tidy hair; an upright posture; a smile; appropriate eye contact respecting gender, age, culture or disability; a clear introduction of self and most important of all: an attitude that reflect my positive interest in them as a person (Becker, 2010). Also during communicating with the patient must repeat the information. It is possible because poor cerebral blood may lead to confusion and memory problems (Patient UK, 2010). PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SYMPTOM CONTROL Trouble breathing, Cough in night and Sleeping disorder INTERVENTIONS (N) AND RATIONAL (R) Initial (N) Check vital signs, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate depth. Observe if any wheezes and crackles in lung bases or edema. (R) This assessment will be noting and presence of fluid in the lung with change in heart and respiratory rate (Lewis et al., 2007). (N) Administer O2 and put patient on semi follower position. (R) Over volume is increased in the heart failure patient so, it results in jugular vein distention and increased hepatojugular vein also (Morton, Fontaine, Hudak, Gallo, 2005). (N) Control pain if any, discomfort feeling. (R) Patients may experience chronic pain such as oedematous limbs or osteoarthritis, or as a result of previous heart surgery (Morton et al, 2005). Ongoing Monitoring (N) Monitor vital signs, level of consciousness, oxygen saturation, cardiac rhythm, respiratory status and urinary output (Berman, 2008). Nausea, Vomiting, Decreased appetite and Lack of energy (N) Encourage the patient to eat the liquid food use a small amount of alcohol. (R) Could be good method to stimulate appetite and improving mood and general self esteem (Berman, 2008). (N) (Dehydration) Observe skin or mucous membrane dryness and edema. ( Ongoing Monitoring ) Monitor urinary output. (R) Occurs most often with CHF patients. Hypovolemia fluid shifts and nutritional deficits contribute to poor skin and edematous tissue (Morton et al, 2005). Ongoing Monitoring (N) Help patient to do daily activities such as using a wheel chair. (R) Patient needs to fully care of and need someone to help him in accomplishing daily activities at least to feel satisfied (Lewis et al., 2007). The main symptoms related to the case that require specific interventions of the palliative care team Causes and effects on CHF patients Managing symptom Fatigue CHF patients feel constantly tired and lacking energy. The main factors contributing to fatigue are: abnormalities in skeletal muscle due to reduced perfusion and neurohumoral changes; the side effects of medications; reduced activity; anaemia; lack of appetite and muscle wasting (Scherer et al, 2005). Fatigue causes reduced quality of life because it severely restricts patients activities and creates difficulties in walking and getting out of the house. In the end stages of heart failure even managing personal hygiene and dressing can be difficult. Fatigue can also compound other physical symptoms such as constipation, oedema and pain (Davidson et al., 2010). Access to exercise programmes may be of benefit to reduce fatigue and can give patients greater sense of well being. Explanation to the patient and his family about the physiological causes of fatigue can help them understand what they are experiencing and referral to occupational therapy of physiotherapy for advice on energy conservation and exercise can be useful. Education about healthy eating and correcting anaemia can also be beneficial (Jaarsma et al., 2009). Breathlessness Commonly caused by pulmonary oedema due to failing left ventricular function or sometimes due to anaemia. Other causes such as chest infection should not be overlooked. Anxiety, depression and inactivity can also contribute to breathlessness (Davidson et al., 2010). Increasing diuretics is the first line treatment for breathlessness due to increasing congestion and providing by Respiratory Consultant. Home oxygen may be useful for patients with daytime low blood oxygen saturations. The use of breathing and relaxation exercises can help reduce the anxiety, which often accompanies breathlessness (Davidson et al., 2010). PSYCHOLOGICAL (EMOTIONAL) SYMPTOMS Causes and effects on CHF patients Managing symptom/ Management Diagnosis of heart failure may make emotional stress. Depression, anxiety, social isolation and loneliness are common symptoms experienced by patient with end stage heart failure. The lack emotional and social support is an important predictor of morbidity and when patient become isolated and lack the ability to cope with his disease this can also be a significant predictor of mortality (Jaarsma et al., 2009). A patients experience of depression is often compounded by their physical symptoms. Psychological symptoms are can reduce quality of life. Mr. Verner says: I am not my disease, which can hinder hope for the future. From my experience when I give an opportunity to the patient as Mr. Verner condition, certainly will talk about dying. Fears of how he may die? How of pain? Emotional support is important for the patient. Effective communication with patient and his carer is needed from diagnosis and throughout the course of the illness. To maintain hope, patients can be offered good palliation of their symptoms and exploration of their preferences for care. Information needs to be available about the disease process, common feelings experienced and local social support services. Referral to psychology services or counselors may be required and some patients may benefit from an antidepressant (Jaarsma et al., 2009). Tricyclic antidepressants are not usually advised due to their pro-arthymic side effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (e.g. fluoxetine 20 mg once daily) are more commonly prescribed (Morton et al., 2005). SOCIAL AND FAMILY SUPPORT Causes and effects on CHF patients Management Social and family support is very important element, which engaging social services are a high priority may affect adversely on some psychological problems such as social isolation, loneliness and sadness etc. Specifically the social aspect may be involved in the following problems: financial status, capacity to self care, adherence with lifestyle and carer burden (Davidson et al., 2010). Mr. Verner misses his children and grandchildren because he does not have energy to talk on telephone. And that make him in bad condition. Social services to provide equipment such as stair lifts, ramps, commodes and information about packages of care; District nurses for assessment of symptoms and support. District nurses are often not aware of patients living with CHF until they become hospitalized; Community physiotherapy and occupational therapy for assessment and advice on exercise, energy conservation and home adaptations to aid in activities of daily living; Benefits advice patients may be eligible for disability or attendance allowance (Dunderdale, Thompson, Miles, Beer, Furze, 2005). And assist in communicating with family and give advice to family in order to be near Mr. Verner, even if the move to live with his children. The presence of family, relatives and friends around of the patient would be a very strong supporter to improve the psychological state of the patient and reduce depression, anxiety, social isolation and loneliness. SPIRITUAL (EXISTENTIAL) SUPPORT Spiritual support is an important aspect in palliative care. CHF reflected a gradual loss of identity and increased dependence and his illness make him incapacitate. Where it feels the burden on society and loses a sense of worth and meaning. Some patients have religious beliefs and feel comfortable than other patients who blame the Lord and say, Where is all this time? Why the God made me like this case? (Christian medical fellowship, 2011). Spiritual support is provided by a clinically certified interfaith chaplain and a qualified by the palliative care team. And chaplain role in this is to restore hope and existential then make the patient to cope the reality (University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 2011). And small things will make Mr. Thomas in happiness or make a huge difference, such as to bring his cat or a visit from a close friend or inspiration in art, poetry, music (Becker, 2010).CONCLUSION Patients with CHF often experience a multitude of symptoms that affect adversely on their general health therefore it may happen to them to get sudden death. Participation with palliative care team is necessary to reduce the symptoms, provide the best as much as possible to improve quality of life and provide end life care with dignity. Nursing care plays an important role in the teamwork for patients with CHF, which can addressed with a variety of interventions, to relieve physical and psychological suffering, including treatment of pain, breathing difficulties and sleeping disorders. Communication is very important between palliative care team and patients and their families to adoption key work of care approach could improve patients access to appropriate palliative care. In addition, good communication between all those caring people for the patient in both primary and secondary care is essential. However, palliative care needs to be accessible early in the disease beginning beca use in the advanced stages patients may had worsened their health and then the team cannot provide the desired care. Finally I choose this case because I think the palliative care process as a practice in health part just for cancer patients but after dealing with Mr. Verner case I add to my nursing knowledge more specialized skills about the palliative care.

Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut

The Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut is a magnificent piece of art located in the Egyptian section next to many other statues of the great pharaoh Hatshepsut. Out of all the statues of Hatshepsut, the Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut was kept in the best shape and caught a lot of attention from the people in the room. Its great size is something truly remarkable, considering it was built in the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. More importantly, this statue is the first structure in art that depicts a woman leader. Not only is it a truly unique piece of work, but also it is a piece that is revolutionary for its time. The massive size of this statue leaves one wondering if women have always been just as powerful as men, if not more. Hatshepsut is the first recorded female pharaoh in all of time. Even though she was a queen, the Egyptians still gave her a beard, which was traditional in artworks for the pharaoh. This masculine feature gives her a solid presence. Even though she might not look like a powerful pharaoh, the beard helps her followers believe that she is just as commanding as any man. She also has on the nemes headdress typical for a pharaoh to wear. Looking into the face it is visible how old this structure is. It is very rough, rigid and is kind of hard to make out the eyes. However, the lips and nose seem very realistic and gives the viewer a sense of how much time and precision went into this piece many years ago. It can be seen that the Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut was carved from a block because there is no space in between the legs and the block on the bottom. All of these incredible features that are usually linked as a part of man exemplify the queen as she felt on the inside. When looking into Hatshepsut’s face, there is no visible emotion. This was probably to make her seem serious about her reign over Egypt. Also, she is a heavy and bulky structure. The size, the beauty, and the image of the sculpture were all used a to her advantage. Her people saw her no differently from the other male emperors before her. The beard and the headdress were utilized as props to make her seem like the powerful woman. Hatshepsut is holding two orbs in both of her hands. This was a way of getting the message across to her people that she was also a giver. They were probably used as offerings to the gods. The orbs seem to kind of weigh down her arms. The legs support the arms from falling on the ground. This shows how there is weight bearing down on her arms due to the orbs that she holds in her hands. In addition, Hatshepsut is perfectly balanced. This balance creates calmness, reflecting the tranquil time period she was ruler. The orbs gives off a sense of how great a pharaoh was made to look through the artwork that they were in. In the New Kingdom time period, no one was really portrayed realistically, and that can really be seen in this work of art. Hatshepsut was the first woman pharaoh ever recorded in history. Although there are a few obvious breaks, this granite sculpture was put back together nicely. Because this piece is so important, the Metropolitan Museum of Art has to be careful of what to light up on the sculpture. This does not look easy because the statue is so massive, but the Met did a good job capturing the face with light, and the top of the orbs. The shadows also reflect how angular this statue really is, and the unrealistic body of the woman pharaoh Hatshepsut. For this weighty, magnificent piece of art to be produced in such a time period makes it something to really marvel at. It gives me a feeling of awe deep inside. The size, the beauty, and the description really leave its viewers pondering how it was constructed. It is known that it was carved out of a block, but the time and effort must have been a tremendous amount. They had to use brute strength and primitive tools to build art that would be hard to build today. To construct such a sculpture at the time is baffling because technology was almost inexistent in Ancient Egypt. This makes one think if they had help from an outside source such as aliens, and if so does this mean that aliens believe women are equal to men. In the time of 1550-1070 BCE when this large statue was created, Egypt was considered to be in its New Kingdom period, one of seven different periods in Ancient Egypt. During its time, the Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut was praised for being a powerful leader. Today, the statue is seen in a totally different light. People look at Hatshepsut as a woman who changed the gender roles, not a woman who is doing a great job leading. The Ancient Egyptians probably didn’t think twice that their leader had a beard because that was the traditional way. Hatshepsut is sculpted with the idealized image of the pharaoh seen with a beard and the nemes headdress. This resembles another peace of art from the New Kingdom, the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut. This temple echoes what the cliff looks like just how Pharaoh Hatshepsut would echo what her followers looked like. Both peaces of art are were built to fit comfortably into their surroundings, except Hatshepsut was a woman. Menkaure and Wife Statue from the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt is also similar and different to Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut. This statue is more formal and very stiff. Also, the queen is in her classic pose, putting her left hand over her body. In this statue, the king is similar to Hatshepsut. Nefertiti made by Thurmost from the Amarna period of Ancient Egypt is very different from the Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut. Nefertiti just like many other statues from its time is more relaxed. Although she was not a queen, Nefertiti was very famous. She dressed like a beautiful woman and was the standard of beauty, unlike dressing like a man to fit in like Hatshepsut did. The Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut makes one have a sense of belief that women have always been as powerful as men like women are portrayed today. It is a very impressive sculpture that really makes the viewer wonder how it was created. The size, beauty, and description make it a really noticeable piece of art from its time period. The artwork is a great example of how leaders are put into the art of their country. Queen Hatshepsut utilized the fact that she can influence men into following her by dressing more like them. This made the men feel comfortable with their leader; therefore, they would give their trust into her. Pharaoh Hatshepsut was a truly unique woman.

Chinese Parenting Style

Amy Chua, a ‘tiger mom’, shared her Chinese parenting style with the public through publishing book and writing article. Her harsh and rigid parenting style raised lots of discussion and concern around the public. They all raise a question- this parenting style can help children to succeed in the future? I think it may not be that easy to raise a child with harsh parenting style. To a large extent, I disagree the harsh parenting style equal a better future of the child. First we have to define what ‘tiger mom’ is.It is a Chinese parenting style that harshly and toughly pushes their children to meet their target or expectation, usually in the aspect of academic. In my opinion, better future includes better physical and mental health, wealth. According to a research which is done by Desiree Baolian Qin, a professor in the department of human development and family studies at Michigan State University, Chinese-American kids were more disadvantageous concerning levels of anxiety and depression and the amount of conflict in their families when comparing European-American kids.The parents do not care what their children’s feeling and perception is. The parents use their authority to push their children. There is a high possibility of conflict between different expectation from parents and children. As sometimes parents have high expectation to children, this put large amount of pressure on children. So, it triggers a certain level of anxiety of children. These combination make children become low self- esteem. Although they will become a profession in the future, they have a bad relationship and a negative impression on parents.Also, tough parenting style will affect children’s communication skill that largely relate to better future. Like popular tiger parent Amy Chua, she does not allow her daughter to stay at school to play with friends after school. A key concept of schooling is developing students’ social and commun ication skills. Parents do not let their children to go out but follow their tied schedule. The children will become not sociable. In workplace, there are not just apply professional skills but also communication and social skills that help people to promote to upper managerial level and work ffectively. Therefore, tiger mom is not equal to a better future. However, a coin has two sides, although Chinese parenting style is very mean, it has certain advantages on children’s future. Focusing on effort but not inherent ability is a feature or advantage of Chinese parenting style. Also, it is the key of distinguishing American and Chinese parenting style. Amy Chua doesn’t let her kids believe they can’t succeed. The style nurtures the children with inculcating the concept of working hard. It pushes children to limit to attain the goal which is set by their parents.This let the children realize that they can make it when working hard. It gradually develops their self confidence and determination to attain a goal. It is well prepared for future to work with colleagues. He or she will become a hard working and determined person in workplace. These are crucial feature of high position in management level. So, a tiger mom equals a better future in this way. Moreover, although parents giving lots of pressure on children will make the relationship tight, it trains children AQ when living and working under pressure.Adversity Quotient (AQ) is the ability of a person to deal with problems. Chinese parenting style harshly push children to achieve certain goals which is not easy to attain. In this time, children have to think of some ways to cope with the problems to satisfy their parents’ desire. As a result, the skills of problem solving are significant in workplace and also live independently. However, this style will largely effect children emotion when there is high possibility that conflict between children and parents.Even some kids have bee n diagnosed of mood disorder. This largely affects the relationship between parents and children and causes apparently mentally unhealthy. So, this is a better future for a child. In conclusion, I admit Chinese parenting style improves children ability of problems solving and develops their determination mind that give them a better future and achievement. However, the parenting style is tremendously rigid to a kid that easily harms their esteem and destroys family relationship.It will give a negative memory in their mind, even get an unrecoverable wound in their heart. Even though their future is bright and recognized, they have negative feeling and history in their mind that I am not notice as ‘better future’. Thus, I disagree a tiger mom equals a better future in a small extent. Reference list: http://www. livescience. com/18023-tiger-parenting-tough-kids. html http://www. raisesmartkid. com/all-ages/1-articles/47-authoritarian-strict-parenting-vs-permissive-which-is -better

Physical Education An Essential Part Of Any Course

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